Published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, the study investigated the extent to which having severe mental illness, which includes schizophrenia and psychosis, increased the risk of death during the first two waves of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Researchers at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and ARC South London analysed data from over 660,000 UK patients between February 2020 and April 2021.
Among the 7146 people with severe mental illness, there was a 50 per cent greater risk of death from all causes following Covid-19 infection compared with those without severe mental illness.
Black Caribbean/Black African people were at 22 per cent higher risk of death following Covid-19 infection than White people, and this was similar for people with and without severe mental illness. However, in around 30 per cent of patient data, ethnicity was not recorded.
The study revealed regional differences: on average, risk of death following Covid-19 infection was higher among Northern UK regions compared to Southern regions. Those in Northern Ireland, the East Midlands and the North-East were at between 24 – 28 per cent increased risk of death compared to those in London.
We are the first group to use the Clinical Practice Research Datalink system to understand the impact of Covid-19 on premature morbidity among people with severe mental illness, making this one of the largest studies of its kind. Previous research has shown that these health inequalities exist, but our study really demonstrates how the pandemic has exacerbated them. We now need to try to understand why this is happening and see if there is a pattern in how these people do or do not seek and access services
The research also found that those with more than one long-term health condition (multimorbidity) were at even greater risk of death. For each additional long-term health condition, the risk of death increased by six per cent for people with severe mental illness and 16 per cent for people without severe mental illness following Covid-19 infection.
The study is part of a Health Foundation funded project called Covid-19 Ethnic Inequalities in Mental health and Multimorbidities (COVE-IMM) that is using both quantitative and qualitative methods.
These are stark findings and highlight the health inequalities that exist for people living with severe mental illness, people from racialised groups and people from different regions of the country. We still need to learn more about the experiences of these groups which we are doing through in-depth interview research and we also need to understand the gap in how our services provide for these vulnerable people. The pandemic shone a light on these inequalities, and we must learn from this to develop new policies and improve service provision
The data was from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) system, which collects anonymised patient data from a network of GP practices across the UK that encompasses 60 million patients. Researchers were part of the ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, the NIHR ARC South London and the NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre.